Progesterone
A steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries and placenta and also in small amounts by the adrenal glands and the testes. It is responsible for preparing the lining of the uterus (endometrium) for pregnancy. If fertilization occurs progesterone maintains the pregnancy and inhibits the further release of eggs from the ovaries. It is used therapeutically to treat abnormal vaginal bleeding, premenstrual syndrome, and postnatal depression. It is also used to maintain early pregnancies and to treat infertility in in vitro fertilization procedures. Progesterone is used as an adjunct to oestrogens in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Progesterone is available, on prescription only, as a solution for intramuscular injection,
a vaginal cream or gel, or pessaries: because it is rapidly absorbed from the intestine and broken down in the liver it cannot be taken orally. Synthetic versions of progesterone have a variety of therapeutic uses and are major ingredient; of hormonal contraceptives.
Side effects: include acne, urticaria (nettle rash), fluid retention, weight changes, stomach upsets, changes in libido, breast discomfort, premenstrual symptoms, menstrual disturbances, pigmentation of the face, depression, fever, insomnia, sleepiness, loss of hair on the head, and increase in body hair. Local reactions can occur on injection; diarrhoea and flatulence can occur with rectal administration.
Precautions: progesterone should not be given to women with undiagnosed vaginal bleeding and should be used with caution in wome: with liver disease, diabetes, or epilepsy and in those who suffer from migraine.
Interactions with other drugs:
Proprietary preparations: Crinone (vaginal gel for HRT); Cyclogest (pessaries); Gestone (injection).